Investing can get complicated if you let it. There's an endless list of market methodologies and varying approaches you can take when it comes to your portfolio, and it's easy to see how this could quickly become overwhelming.
The best way to avoid this stress and unwarranted hand-wringing is by settling on an approach that works for you and sticking with it — don't give in to the temptations of second-guessing.
Let's narrow it down — here are a few time-tested strategies and options
Strategies
Dollar-cost-averaging involves adding regular amounts of money to the market at regular intervals — like $300 every time you get paid. This is the most sustainable, stress-free approach to investing available.
Lump-sum investing is exactly what it sounds like, investing large swaths of cash into the market, usually at irregular intervals. If you have a lot of money to invest, this approach can often provide higher returns because more money with more time to compound and grow = greater returns. However, for most investors who are investing with each paycheck and don't have a lump sum of excess cash, DCA is the way to go.
A mix of both can be okay too. Say you get a $1,000 bonus at the end of the year and want to break your DCA approach by adding that $1,000 to your portfolio all at once — that's okay too.
Composition
All equity: Stocks are considered somewhat of a "risky" investment due to market volatility and economic cycles, especially as you age. However, investing in 100% stocks alone can be suitable for younger investors, as they can both withstand market cycles and reap higher gains over time as a result. But, it's probably a risky idea to stay in 100% stocks forever.
Target-date funds: Although they may have some shortcomings, target-date funds are for the most part a solid investment for long-term investors. With their sliding allocation scales that skew more towards bonds and cash-like assets as you age, investors can get the benefits of higher risk, higher growth in their younger years, and a mix of safety and growth as they age.
Custom allocations: There is no one-size-fits-all approach to investing, and going with a custom allocation can be just as valid as any other common method. Maybe instead of target date funds or all equity, you want a straight 80/20 split and you want to keep it that way until you're 55.
The renowned 60/40 portfolio: The 60/40 portfolio is a somewhat risk-averse, commonly accepted portfolio composition that includes 60% stocks and 40% bonds. Although it's pretty risk-off, its returns have been consistent and valid at an average annual return of about 8%.
These are the factors you should consider when choosing your ideal method.
Which approach you choose ultimately comes down to your situation and preferences. You'll need to factor in things like — age, time horizon, risk tolerance, and retirement goals into your decision, and even then, it may change over time.
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